Criminal law — Evidence — Alternative consideration of grave sexual abuse — Cautioned statement admissible where voluntary and unrepudiated — Medical evidence — Proof of rape of a child may be established by admissions and surrounding circumstances even if PF3 excluded

Appellate practice— Court of Appeal— RetrialCriminal procedure — Charge-sheet duplicity (multiple offences/dates/victims in one count) — Multiplex charges causing prejudice to accused

Criminal law — Rape and impregnating a schoolgirl — uncorroborated complainant evidence — appellate interference where lower courts misdirect on evidence — credibility and inconsistencies

Criminal law — identification evidence — Application of section 23 Penal Code (common intention) — Factors: prior acquaintance, uncovered face, adequate lighting, proximity and duration of observation — Flight and evasive conduct as corroboration — Prosecutorial discretion on wi…

Criminal law — Murder — need to put ingredients (malice aforethought) and material defences (alibi) to assessors — Duty to explain malice aforethought to assessors Criminal procedure — Retrial — ordered only when interests of justice require it — Fatehali Manji principle — summi…

Criminal procedure — Court-martial appeals — Appeals lie to the Court-martial Appeal Court constituted by High Court judges — estoppel cannot validate statutory defects — non-compliance renders decision a nullity — quorum of three judges required

Company law — Companies law — administration orders — distinction between rescue and liquidation regimes — Procedural irregularity — continuation of proceedings and winding-up order after administration petition — nullity